TRASCENDER, CONTABILIDAD Y GESTIÓN

The strategic responses of a specific industry have alsobeen analyzed. For example, Weinhofer and Hoffmann(2010) developed a generic reference framework on

companies

strategies and specifically analyzed the

electricity industry. The framework they developed isbroken down into three types of corporate strategies

with respect to

Reduction of

ii.

find themselves in an environment with too muchinstitutional pressure, companies through their managerscan adopt a manipulation strategy where they try tocontrol and influence those pressures under which theyare exposed, for example, by persuading an institutionalagent to become part of their Board of Directors (Oliver,1991).

Having described the different types of strategicresponses that different authors find; it will be importantto recap the government responses that have developedover the last couple of decades. One of the firstresponses to climate change is the EU Emission TradingSystem (EU ETS) (Kolk et al., 2008). Other of the mostcommon corporate responses to climate change havebeen of operational and investment type. For example,investments have been made in technologies for a lower

in solar energy, as well as in a

structure that allows companies to evaluate, measure andreport their GHG emissions (Kolk et al., 2008).

However, Borghei (2021) mentions that there is notenough clarity on how the specific characteristics ofcompanies can influence their strategic climateresponse. To date, there is a lack of answers to knowhow strategic climate responses can build capacity andresilience to climate risk (Borghei, 2021).

Determinants of Carbon Disclosure

The second key area within carbon disclosure is thestudy of the factors that drive organizations to measure,value and disclose their carbon-related information.Carbon determinants can be understood as "the reasonswhy some organizations voluntarily disclose theirclimate actions, while others do not, exploring the"motivations", "drivers" and "barriers" to carbondisclosure. " (Borghei, 2021, P. 8).

and iii. Carbon independence.

Likewise, they mention that there are several factors thatcan influence a company to decide what type of strategyto take, for example, the geographical region in whichthe company operates, the size of the company and theextent to which the current commercial operations of thecompanies rely on carbon resources.

After analyzing the CDP's electricity industry through

the three types of

companies belonging to said industry were identified,which can adopt one or more of the strategies. The sixclusters are i. All terrain, ii. Compensators, iii.Replacement compensators, iv. Reducers, v.Replacement reducers, and vi. Preservatives (Weinhofer& Hoffmann, 2010).

On the other hand, Bui and Fowler (2019) complementthe strategic responses regarding climate change. Theyidentify five types: i. Avoidance, ii. Operationalcompliance, iii. Strategic compliance, iv. Strategicdifferentiation, v. Negotiation and manipulation. Thefifth answer is especially important because, in Mexico,as in most developing countries, business policiesaround carbon disclosure are in a development stage,where companies are more likely to employ strategiesmanipulation and negotiation to comply with certaininstitutional and / or economic pressures. When they

Vol. 7, núm. 21 / septiembre – diciembre del 2022

Cumpean, J., Briseño, A., y Zorrilla Del Castillo, A. L.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v7i21sept-dic.178Pp. 143-165