Enríquez García, H. C.

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Vol. 9, núm. 25 / enero abril del 2024 DOI: https://doi.org/10.36791/tcg.v9i25.245

Pp. 2-17

There are multiple authors who refer to a green supply chain, for example Kogg (2003) takes up the definitions of GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management) given by Zsidisin and Siferd (2001). Kogg indicates that green chains are a set of supply chain management policies and initiatives made in response to concerns related to the natural environment with respect to the firm's design, procurement, production, distribution, use, reuse and disposal of goods and services.

On the other hand, Srivastava (2007) defined green supply chain management as an integration of environmental thinking into supply chain management, including product design, material sourcing and selection, manufacturing processes, delivery of final products to consumers, and end-of-life product management. While the authors Chin, Tat, & Sulaiman (2015) highlight that Green Supply Chain practices are conceptualized to include green procurement, green manufacturing, green distribution, and green logistics.

Moreover, the empirical research made by Hsu & Chen (2023) where they extend the ecological debate , reconciling the divergent views by modeling and proposing the relationships between CSR, from a level of external perspective and environmental performance, such as pollution reduction. The results testify to the positive relationship between CSR (external orientation) and pollution. Moreover, CSR exerts a moderating effect on pollution.

B. Employees and consumers healthy food

Bancerz (2016) in his study comments that increasing industry involvement in non-traditional corporate food interests (NTCFI's), or "social and environmental concerns", which is in line with CSR; these interests are

analyzed and explored by taking advantage of changing governance structures in the food system. Examples of NTCFIs include initiatives around healthy food, food safety, animal welfare, local food, and other social and environmental issues.

On the other hand, Sharma, Teret, & Brownell (2010) comment that there are alarms about the links between poor diet and disease, as well as striking increases in obesity. Policy makers, the public and health professionals have challenged the practices of the food industry.

C. Discriminatory business practices and failure to respect human rights

It is important to comment that companies must take care of the dignity of employees, as well as a broad respect for their human rights and a guarantee of non- discrimination. Weissbrodt & Kruger (2003) mention that some transnational corporations do not respect minimum international human rights standards and, therefore, may be involved in abuses such as the employment of child workers, discrimination against certain groups of employees, lack of safe and healthy working conditions, etc.

In addition, Abreu & Batmanghlich (2014) emphasize that recent studies attempted to explain the role of CSR in discrimination concerning labor, this is possibly the most developed attribute of CSR because the early identification of internationally accepted norms. Also, gender or racial discrimination reduces the spectrum to hire capable employees (Porter & Kramer, 2011).

Moreover, Hayes, Kaylor & Oltman (2020) proposed, mediations and endeavors intended to encourage